Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1453 Words

It is distressing to me that we live in an age in which we still must fight to protect our civil rights as Americans, in which a hate crime perpetrated against someone based their sexual orientation can go unpunished, and in which discrimination is being written into our laws† John Conyers once said. Marriage is a sacred word that has been used through centuries to unite man and woman to become one through holy matrimony. This definition has been the same throughout time until recently. Recently society has come to the understanding that a marriage between man and woman is no longer the only form of marriage that can be performed. The definition has been elongated by also saying that the state of being united to a person of the same sex in a relationship is like that of a traditional marriage. Gay marriage has been an immense controversy throughout the last forty years. The big question is does the gay community deserve the same rights towards marriage that the tradition man a woman do? Is being gay a choice? Is being gay morally wrong? The gay community has become an outrage to most religious communities but to some they have become a blessing in disguise. Society has both discriminated and welcomed this new tradition. Being different does not always get the attention one would deserve but throughout the last couple years the gay community has fought for their rights to be united in holy matrimony. On June 26, 2015 marriage of the same sex was legalized in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

U.S. Federal Government Expansion Free Essays

UNIT 1 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT HIST105-1204B-14 U. S. History By Espola R. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S. Federal Government Expansion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smith AIU Online October 7, 2012 Abstract The U. S. federal government expansion of authority between the beginning of the U. S. Civil War and the end of the Civil Right Era had many historical events that took place. You will learn about some of these events that went on between the times of the Civil War and the Civil Right Era. These events have played a major role in the world today. They have made the world what it is today. You will learn the time periods in which the acts were enacted; these altogether are relevant periods that happened. UNIT 1 Individual Project Everything that happened in the U. S. federal government expansion of authority between the beginning of the U. S. Civil War and the end of the Civil Right Era was very important. The events that happen have had an effect on everything that is going on in the world today. Some people do not know it, but what happen is still affecting the way that things are being done today. There are plenty examples of the things that happened. One example of U. S. federal government expansion of authority between the beginnings of the U. S. Civil War and the end of the Civil Right Era were in 1865 when Congress was authorized to eliminate slavery. By doing this they created the thirteenth amendment. The Proclamation to stop slavery had already been presented. It was an executive order. The political structure showed that the Proclamation granted Congress the power to enforce through legislation, which is considered the most important part (Tony, 2012). This gave them the ability to go ahead and take further action against the Ten Confederate States. This gave the government a way to introduce and pass further proclamations and anything else they had to do in regards to the rights of slaves. Social structures showed that the full civil rights were still way off. The law and public opinion were not always on the same page. While knowing that by law freed slaves and their descendants were citizens and they still had the same rights as whites, but they were still getting treated differently than others (Tony, 2012). The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was another example. It was passed on 9th April 1866. This act declared that everybody that was born in the United States were now citizens. As being a citizen, they could now make and enforce contracts, sue and be sued, give evidence in court, and inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property. People who denied the rights to former slaves were guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction they were faced with a fine, imprisonment, or both (Reconstruction, 2003). The Force Act of 1870 was another example of the federal government expansion. This force act was passed by the congress of the United States shortly after the American Civil War helped protect the voting rights of African-Americans. This act enforced the right to the people of the United States to vote in the several States. In this act, the government banned the use of certain things to prevent people from voting because of their race. The Force Acts were mainly aimed at limiting the Ku Klux Klan.. Thus the federal government had the power to prosecute the offenses, including calling federal juries to hear the cases (Shay, 2012). My last example of the federal government expansion happened in 1869. On May 10, 1869 was the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad. This railroad was also known originally as the â€Å"Pacific Railroad† and later as the â€Å"Overland Route†. It was a railroad that was built in the United States of America between 1863 and 1869 by the Central Pacific Railroad of California. A transcontinental railroad had been dreamed of as early as 1836 ((Completing the Transcontinental Railroad, 1869, 2004). The transcontinental railroad had long been a dream for people living in the American West. From time to time it was suggested by visionaries and discussed by the orators and newspapers. The first transcontinental railroad link was almost instantly celebrated around the nation because a telegraph wire was connected to the last rail spiked. For many Americans, the new transcontinental link seemed to usher in a new era. The completion of the transcontinental railroad made the American West easily accessible, creating a boon of trade, business and population. The railroad has brought the country together (Completing the Transcontinental Railroad, 1869, 2004). These historical events have led to social, political, economic, and cultural change within the United States. They are important in the world today. If these historical events would not have taken place, than the world would be different as of the things that are going on today. It is a good thing that these events did take place, because it has made the world what is today. Not saying that the world is perfect, but it is better today than it was in the past. However, these events have made the world a better place. These events have changed the way people think and how they do things now. I am so glad that the historical events took place. If I had to grow up in the world before these events happen, I do not know if I would have been able to handle it. It was rough back in the day, but that is part of life. References â€Å"Completing the Transcontinental Railroad, 1869†. (2004). EyeWitness to History. Retrieved from www. eyewitnesstohistory. com. Reconstruction. (Dec. 19, 2003). Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/activism/ps_1866. html Shay, A. (May 31, 2012). Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement. Retrieved from https://lcrm. lib. unc. edu/blog/index. php/tag/force-act-of-1870/ Tony, P. (Jan. 31, 2012). U. S. Congress. Retrieved from http://www. newsinhistory. com/blog/us-congress-passes-13th-amendment-abolish-slavery How to cite U.S. Federal Government Expansion, Papers

Case study on Forensic Investigation in Cyber Crime

Question: Write an essay on Forensic Investigation in Cyber Crime. Answer: In the recent years, the technological developments and enhancements have acted as a contributing factor in number of cases. But with these elevating numbers of cases of developments increase in the number of cases of major cyber crimes can also be noticed. In this regard one may expect to view cases of justice in relation of these major cases of injustice. It is required to be mentioned over here that due to these technological enhancements, the job of the forensic interrogators are becoming difficult as well (Kallenbach Sam, 2013). The reason behind this being the fact that, it is the responsibility of the professionals to bring out the fact and highlight upon the finding so that the crime can be produced in front of the court and achieve justice, but due to the technological enhancements it is becoming difficult on the part of the forensic interrogators to bring out the truth. In this context Marys Case can be referred. Cyber Stalking- Marys Case Mary was a student of a public university in Australia. She was in her late twenties. Suddenly she started receiving emails and messages that contained sexual elements and statements. Due to this, she took help from her parents. From the received messages it could be comprehended that the sender was well aware of her surrounding, close people and the university that she attended. But, from the mails and the messages that she received, the identity of the sender could not be traced. Her father became concerned for the fact that, the sender might be using personally identifiable information that are available regarding Mary on internet he did an online research. With the help of this research it is revealed to him that in number of in number of posting on erotic sites, comments that mentioned Mary by name were present. It is mentionable here that, it seemed to them that these websites were hosted overseas. In such situation her parents was of the opinion that police lacked the effectiv eness or capacity to deal with the situation (Brown1, 2015). Thus in their opinion, the police were incapacity to handle the situation and so it was out of their control. On the other hand, Mary was naturally very embarrassed of the whole situation and was of the perception that the whole situation was not serious enough that required to be reported. Concept of Cyber Crime In order to perform any form of forensic investigation regarding online crime it is of vital importance to have a clear idea of the concept of cyber crime. There exist different notions among criminologist, police, lawyers and the professionals regarding the perception or the concept of cyber crime. On the basis of the legal instrument or organization that explains concept of cyber crime the definition varies. The contrast in the concept of cyber crime can be noticed form the explanations as provided by Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC). In the opinion of ACPO, in e-Crime, involvement of the use of internet technology can be noticed in the completion of a crime. On the contrary, AIC is of the opinion that, e-crime is a usual form of crime like any other crime in which data storage or communications device is used in order to commit a crime. Thus on a general and broader perspective, cyber crime is the performance of criminal act ivities in the completion of which cyber domain is associated. From the above made discussion it can be commented that, in order investigate case like that of Marys case it is essential to determine that aspects like committing the crime with the help of ICT, the activity was performed in such a manner so as to inflict harm against the person or organization, the inflicted harm is of such a nature that could cause a threat to the targeted persons owned tangible or intangible properties and under the jurisdiction of the accused or victim the action is criminalized. In context of Marys case, it can be noticed that the mails and messages send to her involves the use of ICT, it attempted at affecting her image due to which, under her right or jurisdiction it is criminalized, consequently clearly reflecting the fact that cyber crime has been committed in this case (Gerdes, 2009). Legal and Ethical Dimensions in Cyber Crime In Marys case the ethical dimension lies on the fact that Mary, who is the victim in this case avoids filing a case against the criminal. Ethically she was supposed to lodge a complaint against such criminal behavior. But because of her negligence and embarrassment from the whole situation she avoids doing so, which is ethically wrong. Similarly, when she took help from her parents, it was their duty to guide her to take the right and strong step against such crimes, which they did not perform as well (Overill, 2004). It was ethically wrong in this case because posting sexually explicit elements against an individual without his or her consent as in case of Mary, causes in affecting their image adversely and are also reasons for mental trauma. Most important among all the aspects, the criminal who committed the crime did not only perform a legally wrong act but it was ethically also unjust which required taking steps against. There are number of legal dimensions that are open to Mary which she could have explored in such a situation some of those options are- taking steps under The Computer Misuse Act 1990, Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, Data Protection Act, Criminal Code Act 1995 etc (Kallenbach Sam, 2013). Data collection in cyber crime Stored Communications Unlike any usual investigation where evidences are gathered after the occurrence of the on the part of the police, in case of cyber crime, investigators are required to trace back communications to a source and retrieve information regarding the communication. In case of investigation of such cases, identifying individuals who are using a domain name and IP address at a given point of time is the primary stage of investigation in such cases on the part of investigators. Not only that, assuming that an individual is performing the role of forensic investigator in Marys case, he or she may traffic data, subscriber data, content data from the service provider along with that MAC address of the computer user may also be collected by the investigator with the help of which the criminal can be easily identified. Thus, by securing data from the criminals used physical devises in order to certify to the subscriber, content and transitional data the forensic investigator can create a correlat ion between the crime and he criminal (Reyes, 2007). In Marys case, if the investigator could successfully collect the above mentioned data then identification of the culprit could have been simple and easy that could enable her to get the required justice. The entire process of data and information collection regarding the criminal can be more effective and easy on the part of the forensic investigators by the incorporation of number of tools and technologies which have become available to them because of the technological enhancements. The some of the available tools and technologies are- Remote Administrator Tools (RAT), use keystroke loggers which would contribute in monitoring keyboard entries, installing cameras in order to keep a track of passwords and physically link activities with a particular user, and activate packet sniffers which would contribute in preventing communications and collect information regarding a specific network. Incorporation of the DNA technology while performing forensic technology can also be a helpful in revealing the facts during the investigation. Evaluating the functions and features of digital forensic technologies Offending with the help of technology Technological enhancements are changing the nature of crimes that are committed across the globe. Moreover, this technology gives the crime a transnational feature. As a result of which it becomes difficult on the part of the existing legal frame work to deal with the nature of occurrence of these committed crimes. The reason being the fact that, there exist numbers of extraterritorial legal acts for these crimes, but turns out to be ineffective because during the processing of these cases, the criminal may be arrested under one jurisdiction while under the provisions of another country the acquired digital evidences may be required to be processed that makes the entire process complicated. In Marys case, the presence of transnational elements can be clearly noticed. The cyber technology provides the criminals with feature of anonymity due to which it becomes difficult to trace them and provide the victims with justice in spite of the fact that legal proceeding in these cases are ver y inexpensive. As it can be seen in Marys case that her father could easily perceive the fact on the basis of the research, the crime was being committed from some other nation. This fact made it difficult on their part in indentifying the culprit and taking proper step to achieve justice. It is mentionable here that the technology acts as a web in connecting one country with another which facilitates the occurrence of these form of crime and on the part of the performer of the crimes, as compared to the usual nature of crime, they implement a different strategies and techniques for the performance of these criminal behavior (Bryant, 2008). Composing technical tactics in cyber crime and assess the steps involved in it In order to gather evidences, reconstruct events along with it fulfill other requirements that are essential in a forensic investigation there are number of tactics that could be implemented. Among those number of tactics, Evidence flow model could be help. It can act as a contributing factor in not just preserving or examining digital evidences (Nykodym, Taylor, Vilela, 2005). It is helpful in complete explanation of the entire process of flow of information while performing an investigation in cyber crime. It elaborates the flow of information of since the time when the investigation is alerted till the investigators successfully reaches a conclusion. With the help of this model at each step of investigation appropriate management can be implemented in terms of the handling the evidences or the interactions which occurs that are related to the investigation. Thus, the entire case can be dealt effectively, along with the effective performance of the duties on the part of each inves tigators and analyze the availed data appropriately which leads in reaching to the right conclusion of the case. The steps that are involved while performing a forensic investigation are: The first step is verification in which it is determined whether the reported case has actually taken place or not. This step acts as an edifice for the further proceeding, identifying, collecting and preserving the data. This step is followed by system description in which data are gathered related to the specific case. In order to begin gathering data in this stage it is required to begin taking notes and convey and describe the chosen system in order to analyze the evidences. The next step is evidence acquisition. In this step, the sources of data are identified; followed by acquiring volatile as well as non-volatile data; verify the authenticity of the acquired data and assure their possession. Time analysis is its following step in which investigation is started and analysis of the acquired information are done forensic lab. This step is followed by media and artifact analysis in which relevant questions are tried to be solved and answered. Byte search is its next step which is followed by data recovery. In the data recovery stage, from the collected files, efforts will be made to recover data. This final stage is reporting results in which one is required to report the result of the result of the analysis (ROCHA, 2014). Preparation and defending reports of the investigations report In the conclusion it can be stated that there are number of aspects that are required to be kept in mind while dealing with a cyber crime especially if it is a transnational case. Cyber technology acts like a web that connects every nation with one other. As a result of these developments on one side it has become easier for the researcher to analyze these cases on the other hand it facilitates these crimes as well as it helps the criminals in getting an anonymous identity which makes it difficult on the part of the investigators to identify them. Most importantly, all the incorporation of these technologies become futile if the victim do not report against such cases as it can be seen in Marys case. Then not only the culprit goes away unpunished but these technological developments and laws against such cases become meaningless. So, on a fundamental level it is essential to report such cases which may result in taking effective steps against such cases and in turn results in the eli mination of occurrence of such cases (Katos Bednar, 2008). References Brown1, S. (2015). International Journal of Cyber Criminology - Vol 8 Issue 2 June- December 2014. Cybercrimejournal.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.cybercrimejournal.com/ Bryant, R. (2008). Investigating digital crime. Chichester, England: J. Wiley Sons. Cyber Crime: Critical View. (2016). IJSR, 5(1), 85-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i1.nov152579 Gerdes, L. (2009). Cyber crime. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Hynson, C. (2012). Cyber crime. Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Kallenbach, P. Sam, S. (2013). MinterEllison. Minterellison.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.minterellison.com/ Katos, V. Bednar, P. (2008). A cyber-crime investigation framework. Computer Standards Interfaces, 30(4), 223-228. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2007.10.003 Nykodym, N., Taylor, R., Vilela, J. (2005). Criminal profiling and insider cyber crime. Digital Investigation, 2(4), 261-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2005.11.004 Overill, R. (2004). Reacting to cyber intrusions: the technical, legal and ethical dilemmas. Journal Of Financial Crime, 11(2), 163-167. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790410809095 Reyes, A. (2007). Cyber crime investigations. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. Reyes, A. (2007). Cyber crime investigations. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. ROCHA, L. (2014). Count Upon Security. Count Upon Security. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://countuponsecurity.com